HowToDunia.com offers you best answers for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Part A Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 9 International Trade. This chapter designed by expert’s subject teachers to prepare students to score well. Here you find question wise complete detailed chapter questions and answers.
Q1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(a) Most of the world’s great ports are classified as :
(i) Naval Ports
(ii) Oil Ports
(iii) Comprehensive Ports
(iv) Industrial Ports.
Answer:- (iii) Comprehensive Ports.
(b) Which one of the following continents has the maximum flow of global trade ?
i) Asia
(ii) North America
(iii) Europe
(iv) Africa.
Answer:- (ii) North America.
(c) Which one of the following South American nation is a part of OPEC ?
(i) Brazil
(ii) Chile
(iii) Venezuela
(iv) Peru.
Answer:- (iii) Venezuela.
(d) In which of the following trade blocks, is India an associate member ?
(i) SAFTA
(ii) QECD
(iii) ASEAN
(iv) OPEC.
Answer:- (i) ASEAN.
Q2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(a) What is the basic function of the World Trade Organization?
Answer:- Basic function of World Trade Organization is to act as an international organization to deal with the global rules of trade between nations. It sets the rules for the global trading and resolves the disputes between member nations. It is a permanent institution for looking after the promotion of free and fair trade amongst nations. WTO also covers trade in services, such as telecommunication and banking, and other issues such as intellectual rights.
(b) Why is it detrimental for a nation to have negative balance of payments?
Answer:- If a country has negative balance of payment, it means that it has been spending more on buying goods from other countries than it can by selling its own goods. Such countries borrow from other rich countries and organisations so that it could pay for its imports. It degrades that country’s economy.
(c) What benefits do nations get by forming trading blocs?
Answer:- When different countries come together to form an economic alliance, it is called trading bloc. Once they form such a bloc, they try to reduce tariffs on selected goods and other barriers when these countries trade among themselves. It is a good way of promoting regional corporation. It helps to open up new markets and businesses find it easy to expand.
Q3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words:
(a) How are ports helpful for trade? Give a classification of ports on the basis of their location.
Answer. (i) Ports are chief gateways of the world of international trade are the harbors and ports. Cargoes and travellers pass from one part of the world to another through these ports. The ports provide facilities of docking. loading. unloading and the storage facilities for cargo. In order to provide these facilities. the port authorities make arrangements for maintaining navigable channels. arranging tugs and barges. and providing labor and managerial services. Types of port on the basis of location:
(a) Inland Ports: These ports are located away from the sea coast. They are linked to the sea through a river or a canal. Such ports are accessible to flat bottom ships or barges. For example. Manchester is linked with a canal: Memphis is located on the river Mississippi: Rhine has several ports like Mannheim and Duisburg. a branch of the river Ganga.
(b) Out Ports: These are deep water ports built away from the actual ports. These serve the parent ports by receiving those ships which are unable to approach them due to their large size. Classic combination. for example. is Athens and its out port Piraeus in Greece.
(b) How do nations gain from International Trade?
Answer:- International trade is a result of specialization in production. It benefits economies across the globe if a country practices specialization and division of labour in provision of services or production commodities. Each type of specialization gives rise to trade. It is based on the principle of comparative advantage, complementarity and transferability of goods and services in principle. It should be mutually beneficial to all trading partners. The countries which deal in international trade lead in regional specialization.
The main benefits are:
● It helps in better utilization of resources.
● It helps in the growth of the economy.
● It encourages the growth of World Trade.
● It helps in creation of Cross-cultural relationships.
● It helps in improvement of the standard of living of the people.
● It enables the availability of goods and services across the globe.
● It creates huge employment opportunities.
Extra Questions Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 International Trade
Q1. What do you understand by Free trade?
Answer:- The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade.
Q2. What is the meaning of Balance of trade?
Answer:- Balance of trade records the volume of goods and services imported as well as exported by a country to other countries. If the value of imports is more than the value of a country’s exports, the country has a negative unfavorable balance of trade.
Q3. What is the basic function of the World Trade Organization?
Answer:- The basic function of the world trade organization is it sets the rules for the global trading system and resolves disputes between its member nations.
Q4. What benefits do nations get by farming trading blocs?
Answer:- By forming trading blocs, it encourages trade between countries with geographical proximity, similarity and complementariness in trading items and to curb restrictions on trade of the developing world.
Trading blows generate world trade to the maximum.
Trading blocs developed as a response to the failure of the global organizations to speed up intra-regional trade.
Trading blocs remove trade tariffs within the member nations and encourage free trade.
Q5. Name the country with which both the import and export of the USA.
Answer:- India.
Q6. What do you mean by trade ?
Answer:- The term trade simply means the voluntary exchange of goods and services. Trade is one of the most important human (economic) activities. It refers to the movement of goods and services from areas of surplus to areas of deficit. In simple words, it is exchange of products or marketing between nations and regions. For both the parties, trade is mutually beneficial.
Q7. What is barter system ?
Answer:- The initial form of trade in primitive societies was the barter system. In this, direct exchange of goods takes place. Two parties sell and purchase their products by exchanging these.
Q7. Distinguish between International and National Trade.
Answer:- Trade may be classified into two levels : international and national. International trade is the exchange of goods and services among countries across national boundaries. Countries need to trade to obtain commodities they cannot produce themselves or they can purchase elsewhere at a lower cost. When trade occurs between different states of a country, it is called national trade.
Q8. What do you mean by barter system? How were the difficulties of this system removed?
Answer:- The initial form of trade in primitive societies was the barter system, where direct exchange of goods took place.
The difficulties of the barter system were overcome by the introduction of money. In the olden times, before paper and coin currency came into being, rare objects with very high intrinsic value served as money, like, flintstones, obsidian, cowrie shells, silver, gold, etc. With the advent of paper coins and paper currency came to be the medium of exchange.