HowToDunia.com offers you best answers for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Part A Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities. This chapter designed by expert’s subject teachers to prepare students to score well. Here you find question wise complete detailed chapter questions and answers.
Q1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?
(a) Farming
(b) Trading
(c) Weaving
(d) Hunting
Answer:- (b) Trading
(ii) Which one of the following activities is NOT a secondary sector activity?
(a) Iron Smelting
(b) Catching fish
(c) Making garments
(d) Basket Weaving
Answer:- (b) Catching fish
(iii) Which one of the following sectors provides most of the employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
(a) Primary
(b) Quaternary
(c) Secondary
(d) Service
Answer:- (d) Service
(iv) Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as:
(a) Secondary activities
(b) Quaternary activities
(c) Quinary activities
(d) Primary activities
Answer:- (c) Quinary activities
(v) Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary sector?
(a) Manufacturing computers
(b) Paper and Raw pulp production
(c) University teaching
(d) Printing books
Answer:- (c) University teaching
(vi) Which one of the following statements is not true?
(a) Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.
(b) At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.
(c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
(d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job
Answer:- (d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job
Q2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(a) Explain retail trading service
Answer:- It is a type of business activity that is concerned with the sale of goods directly to consumers.
Mostly it takes place in stores or fixed establishments which is devoted to selling solely. It
includes consumer cooperatives, small shops, street peddling, chain stores, handicrafts, etc.
(b) Describe quaternary services.
Answer:- Quaternary service revolves around research and development. It is an advanced form of
service that involves specialized knowledge, administrative competence and technical skills.
This sector along with tertiary sector has replaced all primary and secondary employment as
economic growth’s basis.
(c) Name the fast emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.
Answer:- The fast emerging countries of medical tourism in the world are : India, Malaysia, Thailand,
Singapore, Australia, Switzerland, etc.
(d)What is digital divide?
Answer:- Opportunities that emerges from development based on Information and communication
technology is distributed unevenly among the people. They are wide due to economic, social
and political differences between the countries. The difference in opportunity available to people
at different places arises because of availability of information and communication
infrastructure.
Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
(a) Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.
Answer:- Services may occur at different levels. Few are geared toward people, few are geared to industries and few to both people and industry, example transport systems. Low order services such as laundry, grocery, shops are common and widespread than those under higher order services like those of doctors, accountants, consultants, etc. Services are provided to those
people who can afford to pay for it. For example, barber, gardener, etc. do physical labour primarily. Lawyers, teachers, doctors, etc. do mental labour.
Service sector is properly developed in the areas where exists high educational and technological knowhow. The international trade of services has seen massive increase in the recent times.
(b) Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.
Answer:- Transport is a facility or a service through which property, people, manufactured goods, etc. are carried physically from one place to another. This industry is organised and satisfies man’s need for mobility. Modern society requires efficient and easy transport system to help in distribution, production and consumption of goods. In this complex system, at every stage material’s value is enhanced significantly. They are important to carry trade activities. It links different regions of a country with each other and other countries as well. It helps in the development of areas which are backward by linking them with urban areas. Due to this, a place becomes suitable to set up industries and more jobs are created.
The transmission of messages and words, facts and ideas come under Communication services. We use different methods for long distance communication such as telegraph and telegram earlier of which the former exists even today. The developing countries have cellphones which is possible due to satellites and are important for rural areas. They allow the transmission of data in large amount and securely. As the information got digitized in 1990s, telecommunication merged with computers slowly. It merged with computers to form a set of integrated networks called Intern
Extra Question of Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Q1. Give any two major types of trading centers
Answer:- Trading center may be divided as rural and urban trading center.
Q2. Give two examples of tertiary activity.
Answer:- Doctor and advocate.
Q3. Give two examples of secondary activity.
Answer:- Production of cotton, production of steel.
Q4. What is isohorne?
Answer:- Isochrone is a line drawn on a map to join places equal in terms the time taken to reach them.
Q5. Give an example of quinary activity.
Answer:- Financial advisor is an example of quinary activity.
Question1. Why is manpower the main component of the service sector?
Answer:- We know that tertiary activities are concerned with providing service rather than production of tangible goods. They provide their service against their fee. All types of services are required for special skilled persons. They provide their skill service in exchange of payment. These services require other theoretical knowledge and practical training. So
manpower is an important component of the service sector as the people engaged in this sector are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained export and consultants.
Q2. What is the position of the tertiary sector in a developed economy?
Answer:- Today most people are service workers. But it is highest in developed countries like the USA, China, Japan, etc. The percentage of workers employed in the service sector is higher in developed countries than less developed countries. The trend in employment in the secretor has been increasing.
Q3. How do trading centers come into being?
Answer:- Trading centers come into being in the following ways :
(a) The rise of trading from barter at the local level to money-exchange of international scale has produced many centres and institutions like trading centres.
(b) They are also collection and distribution points.
Q4. Distinguish between Retail Trading services and Wholesale Trading Services.
Answer:- The retail trading services concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumer. But in wholesale trading service is concerned indirectly to the consumers. This type of trading runs through numerous intermediary merchants.
The retail trading services buy goods from wholesalers and then sell to the customer.
Retail trading takes place in fixed establishments or stores solely devoted to selling. The wholesale trading including chain stores and able to buy directly from the manufacturers.
Q5. Write the factors that affect transport services.
Answer:- Transport is a service or facility by which people, materials and manufactured goods are physically carried from one location to another. But the transport facilities in all areas are not equally developed. Some areas are well developed and the rest are under developed due to various affecting factors. The main factors that affect the transport system are demand and Routes.
Demand for transport is influenced by the size of the population. The larger population size, the greater is the demand for transport and the smaller size of population is the lesser demand for transport systems. So which region has a greater number of population, the transport system is comparatively well developed.
Routes depend on location of cities, towns, villages, industrial centres and raw materials, pattern of trade between industry and raw material, nature of landscape, types of climate, and funds available for overcoming. obstacles along the length of the route.
Q6. Give an account of communication services.
Answer:- Communication is sharing of information in simple. Short range communication is as old as human civilization. Modern mass communication is the product of science and technological developments that took place during the last two centuries.
Communication services involve the transmission of words and messages, facts and ideas. The invention of writing preserved messages and helped to make communication dependent on means of transport. These were carried by land, boat, road, rail, air. That is why all forms of transport are also referred to as lines of communication. Transport and communication systems are interrelated.
The nineteenth century was marked by the invention of the wire communication system. This system includes telegraph and telephone. The communication modes like Radio Television help to relay news, posters and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world. Satellite communication relays information of the earth and from space. The internet has revolutionized the global communication system.
Q7. Give an account of the non formal sector of services.
Answer:- Some services are run in an unorganized way. They are running personally. Such types of services are called non-formal sectors of services These types of non-formal services are made available to the people to facilitate their work in daily life. The workers migrate from rural areas to urban areas searching for jobs. They are unskilled. They are employed in domestic services as housekeeper, cooks and gardeners, One such example of such kind of service is Mumbai’s dabbawala
Q8. Give an account of the people engaged in Tertiary activities.
Answer: Tertiary activities are related to the services sector. All types of services are special skills provided in exchange for raiment. Health, education law, governance and recreation etc, are included in the service sector. Because they need professional skill They need theoretical knowledge and practical training Manpower is the vital component for tertiary activities. In a developed economy, the majority of workers get employment in tertiary activities. The work of a plumber, electrician technician, launderer, barber, cashier, teacher, doctor, lawyer, publisher, etc are examples of tertiary activities.
Nowadays most people are engaged in services sector services are provided in all societies. In more developed countries a higher percentage of people is employed in providing services as compared to less developed countries. The trend in employment in this sector has been increasing while it has remained unchanged or decreasing in the primary and secondary activities technician, launderer, barber, cashier, teacher, doctor, lawyer, publisher, etc are examples of tertiary activities.
Nowadays most people are engaged in service sector services provided in all societies. In more developed countries a higher percentage of people is employed in providing services as compared to less developed countries. The trend in employment in this sector has been increasing while it has remained unchanged or decreasing in the primary and secondary activities.
Q9. Give an account of outsourcing as quinary activities.
Answer:- (a) Outsourcing or contracting out is giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
(b) It involves transferring work to overseas locations then it is described as offshoring, although both off-shoring and outsourcing are used together.
(c) Business activities that are outsourced include information technology (IT), human resources, customer support and call centru services, Sometimes manufacturing and engineering are also outsourced.
(d) Data processing is an IT related service.
(e) It is easily carried out in Asian, East, European and African countries.
Q10. Write with example the meaning of the Network and Accessibility of Transport.
Answer:- With the development of transport systems the different places are linked together from all sides to form a network. Networks are made up of nodes and links. Node is the meeting point of two or more routes, a point or origin, a point of destination or any sizable town along a route. Every road that joins two nodes is called a link. A developed network has many links which convicted the place. The PWD roads are connected to the national highways. Again the PWD roads are linked with district roads and district roads are well connected with village roads. And this way the two or more village roads along a district road or PWD road are linked with the national highway. However they make a network or road.
Q11. Give a brief descriptor on the Telecommunication services.
Answer:- Communication is sharing of information. The communication services involve the transmission of word, massage, facts and ideas.
The nineteenth century was marked by the inventions of the wire communication system. The wire communication system includes telegraph and telephone.
The use of tele communication is linked to the development of modem technology. It has revolutionized communications because of the speed with which messages are sent. Besides the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere.
The radio services started in 1910s, television came during 1930s and the satellite communication started during 1960s. Radio and television help to relay news, Pictures and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media.
Satellite communication relays information of the earth and from space. The internet has revolutionized global communication.